Tuesday, March 10, 2009

The Greatest ----- Mohammed Rafi Sahab




About Mohammed Rafi


Mohammed Rafi ( December 24, 1924 – July 31, 1980) was one of the most popular Indian playback singers. A versatile singer, Rafi sang in many Indian languages including Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada and Telugu. He is primarily remembered, however, for his Hindi-Urdu songs, which still remain very popular in the Indian subcontinent and also among the Indian diaspora. Along with Mukesh and Kishore Kumar, he was one of the leading male Bollywood playback singers from the 1950s to the 1970s. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1965.






Listen to Many Moods of Rafi Sahab











Early years and background
Rafi was born the youngest of six sons of Hajji Ali Mohammad at Kotla Sultan Singh (or Kotla Sultanpur), a town near Amritsar in Punjab (British India).Rafi, whose nickname was Pheeko, started singing by imitating chants of a fakir in his village.In 1935-36, Rafi's father shifted to Lahore, and the rest of the family followed later. Rafi's family managed a men's salon in Lahore's Noor Mohalla.It was his brother-in-law Mohammed Hameed who spotted the talent in Rafi and encouraged him. Rafi learnt Hindustani classical music from maestros Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan, Pandit Jiwanlal Matto and Firoze Nizami.

Rafi's first public performance came at the age of 13, when he was allowed to sing at a concert featuring the legendary K. L. Saigal. In 1942, Rafi, under Shyam Sunder, made his debut as a playback singer in the duet "Soniye nee, Heeriye nee" with Zeenat Begum in the Punjabi film Gul Baloch (the film was released in 1944).Soon after, Rafi was invited by the Lahore radio station to sing for them.


Initial days in Bombay
In 1944, Rafi moved to Bombay (now Mumbai), where poet Tanvir Naqvi introduced him to some of the leading film producers of the time such as Abdul Rashid Kardar, Mehboob Khan and actor-director Nazeer. Rafi contacted the famous music director Naushad, who initially used him as part of the chorus. Rafi's first song with Naushad was "Hindustan ke hum hain" with Shyam Kumar, Alauddin and others, from A. R. Kardar's Pehle Aap (1944). Around the same time, Rafi recorded another song for the 1945 film Gaon ki Gori, "Aji dil ho kaaboo mein". He considered this song his first Hindi language song. In 1945, Rafi married his cousin Bashira, nicknamed "Majhi", in his village.

In 1945, Rafi appeared on the screen for the song "Tera Jalwa Jis Ne Dekha" in the film Laila Majnu. He sang a number of songs for Naushad as part of the chorus, including "Mere sapnon ki rani, Roohi Roohi" with K. L. Saigal from the film Shahjahan (1946). Rafi was first noted for the song "Tera Khilona Toota Balak" from Mehboob Khan's Anmol Ghadi (1946). His duet with Noor Jehan in the 1947 film Jugnu, "Yahan Badla Wafa Ka" became a hit. Following partition, Rafi decided to stay in India and had his family flown to Bombay.

In 1948, Rafi sang "Sun Suno Aye Duniya Walon Bapuji Ki Amar Kahani", written by Rajendra Krishan, which became a huge hit. He was invited by the Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to sing at the latter's house. In 1948, Rafi received a silver medal from Nehru on the Indian Independence Day. In 1949, Rafi was given solo songs by music directors such as Naushad, (Chandni Raat, Dillagi and Dulari) Shyam Sunder (Bazaar) and Husnalal Bhagatram (Meena Bazaar).






Rise to fame
Rafi's association with Naushad helped the former establish himself as one of the most prominent playback singers in Bollywood. Songs from Baiju Bawra (1952) like "O duniya ke rakhwale" and "Man tarpat Hari darshan ko aaj" furthered Rafi's credentials. Naushad who had been using Talat Mahmood for his songs began favoring Rafi as the male voice in almost every song composed by him. Rafi would sing a total of 149 songs (81 of them solo) for Naushad.

In the late 1950s and 1960s, Rafi found favor with other notable composers of the era such as O. P. Nayyar, Shankar Jaikishan and S.D. Burman. Burman patronized Rafi as the singing voice of Dev Anand. Rafi worked with Burman in movies like Tere Ghar ke Saamne (1957), Pyaasa (1957), Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), Guide (1965), Aradhana (1969), and Abhimaan (1973). O. P. Nayyar was so impressed with Rafi that he got Rafi to sing a song Man mora baawara for singer-actor Kishore Kumar, in the movie Raagini. Later, Rafi would sing for Kishore Kumar in movies such as Baaghi, Shehzaada and Shararat. O. P. Nayyar employed Rafi and Asha Bhosle for most of his songs. The team created many hit songs in early 1950s and 1960s for movies such as Naya Daur (1957), Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957) and Kashmir Ki Kali (1964). Rafi sang a total of 197 numbers (56 solo) for O P Nayyar. The combination of Shankar Jaikishan and Rafi is noted for the songs picturized on Rajendra Kumar. Rafi sang a total of 341 numbers (216 solo) for Shankar-Jaikishan.

Rafi got his first Filmfare Award for the title song of Chaudhvin Ka Chand (1960), composed by Ravi. He got his first National Award for the song Babul Ki Duaen Leti Ja from the film Neel Kamal (1968), also composed by Ravi. Ravi and Rafi produced several other hit songs, in the films such as China Town (1962), Kaajal (1965), and Do Badan (1966). Madan Mohan was another composer whose favorite singer was Rafi. Rafi's first solo with Madan Mohan in Ankhen (1950) "Hum ishq mein barbad hain barbad rahenge" was a great hit. They teamed up to produce many hit songs including "Teri Aankhon ke Siva", "Rang aur noor ki baraat", "Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil" and "Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho". The composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal ("L-P") also patronized Rafi as one of their leading singers from their very first film, Parasmani (1963). Both Rafi and L-P won the Filmfare Awards for the song "Chahoonga main tujhe saanjh savere" from Dosti. Rafi sang a total of 369 numbers (186 solo) for LP. Rafi sang for many lesser-known composers as well. Once, when a minor composer, Nisar Bazmi, did not have enough money to pay him, Rafi charged a fee of one rupee and sang for him.

The 1960s witnessed the straining of relations between Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar.Lata had wanted Rafi to back her in demanding a half-share from the five percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers. But Rafi took a diametrically opposite view, and believed that a playback singer's claim on the filmmaker ended with the payment of the agreed fee for the song. During the recording of "Tasveer Teri Dil Mein" (Maya, 1961), Lata argued with Rafi over a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata. The situation worsened when Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only so keen to sing with Lata as she was with him. Later, at the insistence of S. D. Burman the two decided to reconcile and sing duets; on a personal level, there was still tension. During his last years, Rafi was involved in a controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's introduction in to the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated June 11, 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the maximum number of songs ("not less than 25,000" according to Guinness). After receiving a rather escapist reply from Guinness, in a letter dated November 20, 1979, he wrote: "I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded.".After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings" but also stated: "Mohammad Rafi (d 1 Aug 1980) claimed to have recorded 28,000 songs in 11 Indian languages between 1944 and April 1980.". Many fans of Rafi state that he has sung over 28,000 songs. However, according to the available figures, Rafi has sung 4,516 Hindi film songs, 112 non-Hindi film songs, and 328 private (non-film) songs from 1945 to 1980. The Guinness Book entries for both Rafi and Lata were later removed in 1991.

Between 1950 and 1970, Rafi was one of the most sought after singers in Bollywood. He sang for all the major male stars in Hindi films. In 1965, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Sri award. Rafi recorded two Hindi songs in English on 7" release in 1968. He also sang a song in Creole while on his visit to Surinam in the late 1960s. Rafi recorded two English albums as well. One of them is Pop Hits. In Bollywood, yodeling is generally associated with Kishore Kumar. But Rafi also used yodeling in some of old songs, such as "Hello sweety seventeen" (duet with Asha Bhosle), "O Chale ho kaha", "Dilke Aine main", "Unse Rippy Tippy Ho gayee" (duet with Geeta Dutt).






Last years
The 1970s saw the rise of Kishore Kumar, whose popularity increased due to the songs he sang for the film Aradhana (1969). The music for Aradhana was composed by S. D. Burman, and he had used Rafi as the male playback voice for the first two recorded duets, "Baaghon Mein Bahaar Hai" and "Gunguna Rahen Hain Bhanwre". After these two recordings, S. D. Burman fell ill and his son and assistant, R. D. Burman, took over the recordings. R. D. Burman got Kishore Kumar to sing the solos "Roop Tera Mastana" and "Mere Sapnon Ki Rani", which led to Kishore Kumar's popularity. Kishore Kumar's rise and R D Burman's patronage of him sidelined Rafi's career in the early 1970s. During 1971-1976, Rafi's musical output decreased; however, he did deliver several hits.. Some of Rafi's popular songs of the early 1970s were with music directors like Laxmikant Pyarelal, Madan Mohan, R. D. Burman and S. D. Burman. These include "Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil" from Heer Ranjha (1970), "Chura Liya Hain Tumne" from Yaadon Ki Baarat (1973), "Yeh Jo Chilman Hain" and "Itna to Yaad Hain Mujhe" from Mehboob Ki Mehndi (1971), "Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho" from Hanste Zakhm (1973), "Gulabi Aankhen" from The Train, Aaj Mausam bada Beimaan hai from Loafer (1973), and "Jhilmil Sitaron ka" from Jeevan Mrityu (a duet with Lata Mangeshkar, 1974).

Rafi made a comeback as a leading singer in the mid-1970s. In 1974, he won the Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song "Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad" (Hawas) composed by Usha Khanna. In 1977, he won both Filmfare Award and the National Award for the song "Kya Hua Tera Wada" from the movie Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin, composed by R. D. Burman. Rafi sang for Rishi Kapoor in films like Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), Sargam (1979) and Karz (1980). The qawwali "Pardah Hai Pardah" from Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) was a superhit. Rafi's notable renderings in the late 1970s and early 80s include Laila Majnu (1976), Apnapan (1978), Qurbani, Dostana (1980), The Burning Train (1980), Naseeb (1981), Abdullah (1980), Shaan (1980), and Asha (1980). Rafi's comeback phase had once again brought him back as a leading playback singer.

On Thursday, July 31, 1980, Rafi died at 10:50 p.m., following a massive heart attack. His last song was Shaam phir kyun udaas hai dost (Aas Paas), which he had recorded with Laxmikant-Pyarelal on the day of his death. He was survived by four sons (Saeed Rafi, Khalid Rafi, Hamid Rafi, Shahid Rafi) and 3 daughters (Parveen, Nasreen, Yasmin) residing in London, UK and Mumbai, India. He was a grandfather to 18 grandchildren.






After death
Rafi's song from the film Gumnaam (1966), "Jaan Pehechan Ho", was used on the soundtrack of Ghost World (2001). The film opens with the lead character dancing around in her bedroom to a video of Gumnaam. His "Aaj Mausam Bada Beiman Hai" is featured in the 2001 film Monsoon Wedding. Several of Rafi's unreleased songs will be used for an upcoming film titled Sorry Madam.

In the summer of 2008, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra is due to release a double CD entitled Rafi Resurrected comprising 16 legendary songs by Rafi. Bollywood star Sonu Nigam has provided the vocals for this project and is expected to tour with the CBSO in July 2008 at venues including the world famous English National Opera in London, Manchester's Apollo Theatre and Symphony Hall, Birmingham On Saturday 22 September 2007, a shrine to Rafi designed by artist Tasawar Bashir was unveiled in Birmingham. Bashir is hoping that Rafi will attain sainthood as a result.

Both Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar are mentioned in Cornershop's homage to Indian playback musicians, "Brimful of Asha".

The Padma Shri Mohammed Rafi Chowk in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai is named after Rafi.







Awards
2001 - Rafi was honored with the "best singer of the millennium" by Hero Honda and Stardust magazine in Mumbai on Jan 7, 2001.

Government Awards
1948 - Rafi received a silver medal from the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on the first anniversary of the Indian Independence Day.
1965 - he was honoured with the Padmashri by the Government of India.

National Film Awards
Winner


1968 - National Award for Best Male Playback Singer for Neel Kamal composed by Ravi Shankar.
Winner

1977 - National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for "Kya Hua Tera Wada" song in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin), composed by RD Burman, lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri.

Filmfare Awards
Winner

1960 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho" in the film Chaudhvin Ka Chand
1961 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Teri Pyaari Pyaari Surat Ko" in the film Sasural
1964 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Chahunga Mein Tujhe" in the film Dosti
1966 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Baharo Phool Barsao" in the film Suraj
1968 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Dil Ke Jharoke Mein" in the film Brahmachari
1977 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for "Kya Hua Tera Vaada" in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin
Nominated

1961 - "Husnwale Tera Jawaab Nahin" in the film Gharana
1962 - "Aye Gulbadan Aye Gulbadan" in the film Professor
1963 - "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" in the film Mere Mehboob
1965 - "Choo Lene Do Nazuk Hothon Ko" in the film Kaajal
1968 - "Mein Gaaon Tum Sojaao" in the film Brahmachari
1968 - "Babul Ki Duayein Leti Ja" in the film Neel Kamal
1969 - "Badi Mastani Hai" in the film Jeene Ki Raah
1970 - "Khilona Jaan Kar" in the film Khilona
1973 - "Hum Ko To Jaan Se Pyaari" in the film Naina
1974 - "Achha Hi Huva Dil Toot Gaya" in the film Maa Behen Aur Biwi
1977 - "Pardah Hai Pardah" in the film Amar Akbar Anthony
1978 - "Aadmi Musaafir Hai" in the film Apnapan
1979 - "Chalo Re Doli Uthao Kahaar" in the film Jani Dushman
1980 - "Mere Dost Kissa Yeh" in the film Dostana
1980 - "Dard-e-dil Dard-e-jigar" in the film Karz
1980 - "Maine Poocha Chand Se" in the film Abdullah







Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
Winner

1965 - Best Male Playback Singer for Dosti
1966 - Best Male Playback Singer for Arzoo

2 comments:

MP said...

dear raghavji your blog is very nice nice very informative i have created a blog dedicated to rafi saab total over 300 pages are there i have posted pictures and videos and articles to go to next page you have to click older posts you will find bottom of every page kindly visit all the pages kindly visit this link take care

http://rafifanblog.blogspot.com/

regards

mohamed parvez

RS KRISHNAN said...

Khuda bhi aasma se jab jamipe dekhta hoga, mere shagird kalakar ko kisne banaya soch tha hoga! Long live Janab Rafik Sahab.Aap nahi hai to kya, aap ke awaaj nas nas me phail rahi hai